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Swarnjayanti
Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY)
Swarnjayanti
Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY) is the single self-employment programme for
the rural poor. Launched on April 1, 1999 the programme replaces the earlier
self-employment and allied programmes - IRDP, TRYSEM, DWCRA, SITRA, GKY
and MWS, which are no longer in operation. SGSY is an innovative and carefully
thought-out Yojana. It takes into account all the strengths and weaknesses
of the earlier self-employment programmes. It offers the perfect balance
of credit and subsidy.
A significant
aspect of SGSY is that every family assisted under this programme will
be brought above the poverty line in three years and therefore the programme
aims at creating substantial additional incomes for the rural poor. Subject
to availability of funds, it is proposed to cover 30% of the rural poor
in each block in the next five years.
Salient
Features
SGSY is
conceived as a holistic programme of micro-enterprises covering all
aspects of self-employment, viz., organisation of the rural poor into
self-help groups and their capacity building, planning of activity clusters,
infrastructure build up, technology, credit and marketing.
SGSY lays
emphasis on activity clusters. 4-5 key activities will be identified
for each block based on the resources, occupational skills of the people
and availability of markets. Selection of key activities will be with
the approval of the Panchayat Samitis at the block level and the District
Rural Development Agency (DRDA)/Zila Parishad(ZP) at the district level.
The activities will be taken up in suitable clusters to enable extension
of appropriate facilities.
SGSY focuses
on Group approach. This would involve organisation of the poor into
self-help groups (SHGs) and their capacity building. Efforts would be
made to involve women members in each SHG.
The Gram
Sabha will authenticate the list of families below the poverty line
identified in the BPL census. Identification of individual swarozgaris
will be made through a participatory process.
SGSY is
a credit-cum-subsidy programme. Credit will be the critical component
in SGSY, subsidy being only an enabling element. Accordingly, SGSY envisages
a greater involvement of the banks, in the planning and preparation
of projects, identification of activity clusters, infrastructure planning
as well as capacity building and choice of activity of the SHGs, selection
of individual Swarozgaris, pre-credit activities and post-credit monitoring
including loan recovery.
SGSY seeks
to promote multiple credit rather than a one-time credit 'injection'.
The credit requirement of the Swarozgaris will be carefully assessed
and they will be encouraged to increase their credit intake over the
years.
Subsidy
under Swarnjayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana would be uniform at 30% of
the project cost subject to a ceiling of Rs. 7,500 (for SCs/STs it would
be 50% and Rs.10,000 respectively). For self-help groups, subsidy would
be 50% of the project cost subject to a ceiling of 1.25 lakh. There
will be no limit on the subsidy for irrigation projects.
Special
emphasis will be laid on skill development of the Swarozgaris through
well-designed training courses tailored to the activities selected and
to the requirements of each Swarozgari.
Closer
attention to technology and marketing needs of the swarozgaris would
be the hallmark of SGSY. Technology intervention will seek to add value
to the local resources, including processing of the locally available
material from natural and other resources for local and non-local market
SGSY takes
into account the role of every participant - the panchayats, gram sabhas,
banks financial institutions, NGOs as well as the technical institutions
in the district. Care has been taken to involve them right from the
conceptualisation stage so that they work as a team for the success
of the programme.
In order
to facilitate poverty reduction efforts requiring coordinated action
by different departments, pioneering projects, etc., SGSY has a provision
for special projects which will be sanctioned by the Ministry of Rural
Development.
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